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What is Total Internal Reflection (TIR)?

When light travels from a higher-index medium to a lower-index medium at an angle greater than the critical angle (θc = arcsin(n₂/n₁)), 100% of the light reflects back.

How do fiber optic cables work?

Fiber optics transmit light pulses over thousands of kilometers by trapping light inside glass cores via continuous Total Internal Reflection.

Home/All Tools/Virtual Lab & Science/Physics Optics Ray & Snell's Law Lab

How to Use & Guide ↓

Physics Optics Ray & Snell's Law Lab

Virtual Lab & Science

Local In-Browser Memory

Medium 1 Refractive Index (n₁)

Medium 2 Refractive Index (n₂)

Incident Angle (θ₁): 30°

Angle of Refraction (θ₂)

19.47°

Snell's Law: n₁ sin(θ₁) = n₂ sin(θ₂)

Critical Angle Condition

Refraction Transmitted into Medium 2

Physics Optics Ray & Snell's Law Lab

4.91•370K Users•100% Client-Side Privacy

Unlimited Free

Simulate light refraction across media with Snell's Law, refractive index controls, and total internal reflection.

Snell's law calculationTotal internal reflection (TIR)Refractive index adjustmentAngle of refraction

How to Use Physics Optics Ray & Snell's Law Lab

Follow these simple steps to process your files securely in browser memory.

1Step 1 of 3

Select Medium 1 and Medium 2

Choose incident and refractive materials (Air n=1.0, Water n=1.33, Glass n=1.52, Diamond n=2.42).

Pro Tip: Light slows down and bends toward the normal when entering a denser medium.

2Step 2 of 3

Rotate Incident Light Ray Angle (θ₁)

Drag the virtual laser pointer from 0° (normal) to 90° grazing incidence.

Pro Tip: When moving from denser to rarer media, exceeding the Critical Angle triggers Total Internal Reflection (TIR).

3Step 3 of 3

Inspect Refracted Ray & Critical Angle

View the calculated angle of refraction (θ₂) and critical angle. Fiber optic cables rely on TIR.

Pro Tip: Diamond's high refractive index (2.42) gives it a tiny critical angle (24.4°), trapping light inside for brilliant sparkle.

Who Is Physics Optics Ray & Snell's Law Lab Built For?

Designed for professionals seeking fast, private, and unlimited client-side execution.

Primary Target Audience

🎯Optics Physics Students, Photographers & Laser Hobbyists

Also Widely Used By

Fiber Optics TechniciansAstronomy Students

Typical Real-World Use Cases

Simulating Snell's Law refraction across optical media (n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂)
Calculating Refraction Angle and Critical Angle for Total Internal Reflection (TIR)
Visual ray tracing across Air, Water, Glass, Diamond, and Custom Media

Interactive Laser Ray Tracing

Drag laser angle and watch rays refract and reflect.

Critical Angle & TIR Detection

Highlights when Total Internal Reflection occurs.

Curated Media Index Presets

Air, Water, Pyrex Glass, Sapphire, and Diamond.

Frequently Asked Questions about Physics Optics Ray & Snell's Law Lab

n₁ * sin(θ₁) = n₂ * sin(θ₂), where n is the refractive index and θ is the angle measured from the normal line.

Top Search Queries for Physics Optics Ray & Snell's Law Lab:

snells law optics ray virtual lab onlinetotal internal reflection critical angle simulatorrefraction of light physics lab interactiven1 sin theta1 n2 sin theta2 calculatorfiber optics refraction angle visualizer

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